United States’s Cattle Industry

Supplier breakdown from the FAOSTAT Detailed Trade Matrix, latest year with recorded import value per country; feed items summed. Reported by the importing country.

FAOSTAT (Trade: Crops and livestock products)

Maize (corn)

1991: 262570 tonnes; 2024: 628466.48 tonnes

Wheat

1991: 563144 tonnes; 2024: 2428708.62 tonnes

Barley

1991: 492625 tonnes; 2024: 197175.78 tonnes

Sorghum

1991: 1594 tonnes; 2024: 1073.68 tonnes

Oats

1991: 1162135 tonnes; 2024: 1164364.47 tonnes

Soya beans

1991: 123254 tonnes; 2024: 660522.18 tonnes

Cake of soya beans

1991: 25796 tonnes; 2024: 539621.1 tonnes

Domestic livestock feed use

USDA ERS official estimates/series. Feed categories retain the source accounting label 'Feed and residual use'; residual is not claimed to be direct livestock intake.

Table 29 covers energy feeds, oilseed meals, grain-protein feeds, animal-protein feeds, and other byproduct feeds. It is not a complete all-feed total: grain-protein excludes brewers dried grains and DDGS, and other byproducts exclude dried/molasses beet pulp and inedible molasses. Hay production is separate forage context. Marketing years differ by commodity.

Intentionally null: USDA ERS categories have exclusions and different marketing years, so no complete non-double-counted domestic feed total is claimed.

USDA ERS Feed Grains Yearbook Tables—All years (official ERS estimates)

Energy feeds

1991: 146338135.10000002 tonnes; 2024: 146120710 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Feed and residual use. Total energy feeds include corn, sorghum, barley, oats, and wheat in the ERS Table 29 series. USDA ERS reports this row in 1,000 metric tons; converted to metric tonnes by multiplying by 1,000.

Oilseed meals

1991: 23627519.5 tonnes; 2024: 43437194.1 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Feed and residual use. Total oilseed meals is a mixed-marketing-year aggregate; use it instead of adding its component meal rows. USDA ERS reports this row in 1,000 metric tons; converted to metric tonnes by multiplying by 1,000.

Other byproduct feeds

1991: 9091299.2 tonnes; 2024: 6702908.2 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Feed and residual use. Total other byproduct feeds excludes dried/molasses beet pulp and inedible molasses. USDA ERS reports this row in 1,000 metric tons; converted to metric tonnes by multiplying by 1,000.

Grain-protein feeds

1991: Unavailable tonnes; 2024: 4807653.6 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Feed and residual use. Total grain-protein feeds excludes brewers dried grains and distillers' dried grains (DDGS). USDA ERS reports this row in 1,000 metric tons; converted to metric tonnes by multiplying by 1,000. No sourced value for exact baseline year 1991.

Animal-protein feeds

1991: 3139533 tonnes; 2024: 2805000 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Feed and residual use. Total animal-protein feeds is reported separately from energy, oilseed-meal, and other-byproduct categories. USDA ERS reports this row in 1,000 metric tons; converted to metric tonnes by multiplying by 1,000.

Hay, alfalfa production

1991: 75585725.35206 tonnes; 2024: 45214087.4416 tonnes

USDA ERS attribute: Production (not feed consumption). Forage production is reported separately and is not livestock-feed consumption. USDA ERS reports hay in 1,000 US short tons; converted to metric tonnes using 0.90718474.

Hay, other production

1991: 62372579.613960005 tonnes; 2024: 65881570.18828 tonnes